Description
Description
Isoniazid, a key component of the combination drug, primarily acts as a prodrug, getting converted by bacterial catalase-peroxidase enzyme (KatG) to its active form. This active form then binds to enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase (InhA), inhibiting mycolic acid synthesis, which is crucial for the integrity of the mycobacterial cell wall. On the other hand, Rifampicin, the other half of the combination, binds to the β-subunit of prokaryotic RNA polymerase, thereby blocking the RNA synthesis process, which is essential for bacterial DNA replication. This dual mechanism of action synergistically targets crucial bacterial processes, making the combination a potent weapon against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Ingredients
Isoniazid, Rifampicin
Drug Class
Antitubercular Combination
Dosage Form
Tablet
Uses
The following are the uses of Isoniazid, Rifampicin Tablet:
Used for treating Tuberculosis (TB), an infectious disease caused by bacteria.
Used for killing or inhibiting the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Used for preventing the spread of TB in individuals exposed to the bacteria.
Used for managing latent TB infection to reduce the risk of active disease.
Used for part of combination therapy to ensure effective treatment.
Used for improving patient outcomes and reducing treatment duration.
Used for managing drug-resistant TB cases under medical supervision.
Used for suppressing the bacterial infection and enhancing overall health.
In case of Overdose
In the case of an overdose of Isoniazid and Rifampicin Tablets, individuals may experience symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and dizziness. Prompt medical intervention is necessary to manage the overdose effectively. Treatment may include gastric lavage, administration of activated charcoal, and supportive care to address specific symptoms. It is crucial to seek medical assistance immediately and provide healthcare professionals with information regarding the medication and the estimated amount ingested.
Missed Dose
In the case of a missed dose of Isoniazid, it is important to take the medication as soon as possible and then continue with the regular dosing schedule. If it is almost time for the next dose, skip the missed dose and resume your regular dosing schedule. Do not double the dose to make up for a missed one. For Rifampicin, if a dose is missed, take it as soon as you remember. If it is close to the time of your next dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Do not take two doses at once to make up for a missed dose.
How To Use
To take the Isoniazid, Rifampicin Tablet, swallow the tablet whole with a full glass of water, preferably on an empty stomach, once daily or as directed by your healthcare professional, ensuring you complete the full course as prescribed.
When Not to Use
Following are the conditions when Isoniazid and Rifampicin Tablet should not be used:
Avoid using if you have a known allergy to Isoniazid, Rifampicin, or any other similar antibiotics.
Not suitable for individuals with severe liver disease or liver damage.
Should not be used by patients with a history of severe kidney impairment.
Contraindicated in individuals with a history of epilepsy or other seizure disorders.
Not recommended for people with a history of mental health disorders, including depression or psychosis.
Avoid using if you have acute porphyria, a rare metabolic disorder.
Should not be used by individuals with a history of alcohol abuse or chronic alcoholism.
Not suitable for patients with a known deficiency of the liver enzyme, acetylator.
Contraindicated during breastfeeding as it may pass into breast milk and cause harm to the infant.
Side Effects
The side effects of Isoniazid, Rifampicin Tablet may include:
Nausea and vomiting
Loss of appetite
Dark-colored urine
Skin rash or itching
Jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes)
Peripheral neuropathy (nerve damage causing weakness, numbness, or tingling in the hands and feet)
Fever and flu-like symptoms
Liver problems, including hepatitis
Precautions & Warnings
Following are the precautions and warnings for Isoniazid, Rifampicin Tablet:
This medication should be used with caution in patients with a history of liver disease, as it can cause liver damage. Regular monitoring of liver function is essential during treatment.
Patients with a history of alcohol abuse or chronic alcohol consumption should be closely monitored, as the risk of liver toxicity may increase.
Isoniazid can cause peripheral neuropathy, so any symptoms of tingling, numbness, or pain in the hands or feet should be reported to the doctor immediately.
Rifampicin can reduce the effectiveness of hormonal contraceptives; alternative birth control methods should be considered during treatment.
Patients should be advised to maintain good hydration and avoid excessive alcohol consumption while taking this medication.
The tablet may cause discoloration of body fluids such as urine, tears, and sweat, which is a harmless side effect.
Pregnant and breastfeeding women should consult their healthcare provider before taking this medication, as it may have potential risks to the fetus or infant.
Always inform your healthcare professional about all the medications you are currently taking to avoid potential drug interactions.
Drug Interactions
Following are the drug interactions for Isoniazid, Rifampicin Tablet:
Alcohol consumption should be avoided as it may increase the risk of liver toxicity.
Rifampicin can reduce the effectiveness of hormonal contraceptives, requiring alternative birth control methods.
Concomitant use with antiretroviral drugs for HIV may require dose adjustments to maintain efficacy.
Phenytoin levels can be decreased by Rifampicin, necessitating monitoring and potential dose adjustments.
Warfarin’s effect may be altered, requiring close monitoring of blood clotting parameters.
Certain antidepressants (e.g., SSRIs) may have increased side effects when taken with Isoniazid.
Isoniazid can affect the metabolism of several medications, including some antipsychotics and anticonvulsants.
Food Interactions
Following are the food interactions for Isoniazid, Rifampicin Tablet:
Avoid excessive alcohol consumption as it may increase the risk of liver damage, especially with long-term use of Rifampicin.
Grapefruit and grapefruit juice should be consumed with caution as they can affect the metabolism of Rifampicin, potentially altering its effectiveness.
High-fat meals can delay the absorption of Rifampicin, so it is best to take the medication on an empty stomach or with a light meal.
Isoniazid may decrease vitamin B6 levels, so vitamin B6-rich foods like chicken, fish, whole grains, and nuts are recommended.
Foods rich in vitamin B6 and vitamin D should be included in the diet as Isoniazid can interfere with their metabolism.
Avoid tyramine-rich foods like aged cheeses, cured meats, and fermented foods as Rifampicin can alter tyramine metabolism, potentially leading to high blood pressure.
A balanced diet with adequate protein and calorie intake is essential to support the body’s nutritional needs during treatment.
Consult a healthcare professional for personalized dietary advice, especially if you have specific dietary restrictions or medical conditions.
Storage/Disposal
Isoniazid and Rifampicin Tablets should be stored in a cool, dry place, preferably at room temperature, ensuring protection from light and moisture. It is crucial to keep the tablets in their original packaging, tightly sealed, to maintain their integrity and prevent exposure to external contaminants. When disposing of unused or expired medication, it is important to avoid flushing or pouring them down the drain. Instead, follow local guidelines or consult healthcare professionals for appropriate disposal methods to ensure environmental safety. Keep the medication out of children’s reach to prevent accidental consumption, and always exercise caution when handling and storing these tablets.
Quick Tips, if any
Following are the quick tips for Isoniazid, Rifampicin Tablet:
Consult your doctor for the right dosage and duration of treatment.
Ensure you complete the full course of medication as prescribed.
Take the tablet with a full glass of water, preferably on an empty stomach.
Maintain a consistent daily routine for taking the medication.
Avoid missing doses; if you miss one, take it as soon as you remember, but skip if it’s almost time for the next dose.
Do not crush or chew the tablet; swallow it whole.
Store the medication in a cool, dry place, away from direct sunlight and moisture.
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